As women navigate the changes of midlife and menopause, many explore various supplements to support their well-being. Ginkgo biloba, derived from the leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree, is one such botanical that has garnered considerable interest for its potential applications.
A common question that arises with any supplement is its safety profile, particularly concerning long-term use. This article aims to provide an evidence-based overview of the ginkgo long term safety, drawing from available research to help you make informed choices.
Understanding Ginkgo Biloba Extract
Ginkgo biloba extracts, primarily EGb 761, are derived from the dried green leaves of the ginkgo tree. These extracts contain a complex mixture of compounds, including flavonoid glycosides and terpene lactones, which are thought to contribute to its observed properties [1]. The standardized nature of these extracts helps ensure consistency in the compounds present.
Historically, ginkgo has been utilized in traditional medicine for centuries, and modern research continues to explore its various potential applications [2]. Understanding the composition of the extract is key to evaluating its safety and efficacy.
General Safety Profile and Reported Side Effects
Ginkgo biloba is generally considered to have a favorable safety profile when used appropriately [3]. However, like any active substance, it is not without potential side effects. The most commonly reported side effects are generally mild and may include gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, dizziness, and allergic skin reactions [3].
More serious concerns, though rare, primarily relate to its potential to interact with blood clotting. Some reports suggest that ginkgo could increase the risk of bleeding, especially in individuals taking anticoagulant medications [3]. This is a crucial consideration for long-term use, particularly for women in midlife who may be on various medications.
Ginkgo and Medication Interactions: A Key Consideration for Long-Term Use
One of the most important aspects of ginkgo long term safety is its potential for interactions with other medications. As mentioned, ginkgo has been observed to interact with anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs, which could potentially increase the risk of bleeding [3]. This is a significant concern for individuals undergoing surgery or those with existing bleeding disorders.
Ginkgo is also frequently listed as interacting with antidepressants, though the nature of that interaction is often misstated. Ginkgo is not a serotonergic agent, and the adverse events actually recorded in this combination have been bleeding-related rather than serotonergic: in a review of 147 herb–psychotropic interaction cases, the most common complication among people taking SSRIs or SNRIs was haemorrhagic and was associated with ginkgo, while the serotonin syndrome cases in that same series occurred with ginseng [4]. The most serious event documented with an antidepressant specifically is a reported case of coma when ginkgo was combined with trazodone [5]. There is also some evidence to suggest potential interactions with medications metabolized by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which is involved in processing many drugs in the body [3]. For women managing multiple health conditions and medications during midlife, discussing all supplements with a healthcare provider is paramount.
Long-Term Studies and Specific Health Conditions
Research into ginkgo’s long-term safety often overlaps with studies investigating its efficacy for various health conditions. For example, a systematic review and meta-analysis examining ginkgo biloba extract combined with ACEI/ARB for diabetic kidney disease included 41 randomized controlled trials and found the combination to be generally safe [6]. Another systematic review and network meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract in unstable angina pectoris also considered its safety profile [7].
When considering long-term use for cognitive support, a systematic review and network meta-analysis on pharmacological treatments for Alzheimer’s disease included ginkgo and assessed its effects over time [8]. While these studies provide valuable insights into ginkgo long term safety within specific contexts, it’s important to remember that safety can vary based on individual health status and concomitant medications.
Regarding tinnitus, evidence from systematic reviews indicates that ginkgo biloba has not been shown to be effective, and therefore its long-term use for this condition would not be supported by evidence [9][10][11]. Similarly, for dementia, while ginkgo has been studied, definitive evidence of its long-term efficacy and safety for preventing or substantially altering the course of dementia is not consistently strong across all reviews [12].
Dosage and Quality Control
The safety of ginkgo biloba, particularly over the long term, is also influenced by the dosage used and the quality of the supplement. Standardized extracts, such as EGb 761, are typically used in research studies and contain defined amounts of active compounds [3].
It is crucial to choose high-quality products from reputable manufacturers to ensure that the supplement contains what is stated on the label and is free from harmful contaminants. Adhering to recommended dosages is also vital, as exceeding these could potentially increase the risk of side effects.
References
- Ginkgo biloba: A Treasure of Functional Phytochemicals with Multimedicinal Applications. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2022
- Multifaceted therapeutic benefits of Ginkgo biloba L.: chemistry, efficacy, safety, and uses. Journal of food science, 2008
- Ginkgo biloba: indications, mechanisms, and safety. The Psychiatric clinics of North America, 2013
- Unwanted effects of psychotropic drug interactions with medicinal products and diet supplements containing plant extracts. Psychiatria polska, 2018
- Interactions between herbal medicines and prescribed drugs: a systematic review. Drugs, 2001
- The efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves extract combined with ACEI/ARB on diabetic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 41 randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in pharmacology, 2024
- Efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2024
- Effect of long-term pharmacological treatments on Alzheimer disease: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Medicine, 2024
- Tinnitus. BMJ clinical evidence, 2014
- Tinnitus. BMJ clinical evidence, 2012
- Tinnitus. BMJ clinical evidence, 2009
- Dementia. BMJ clinical evidence, 2010
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice; consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting any supplement. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases.
